The Dilution Refrigerator

A dilution refrigerator reaches the ~10 mK that qubits need by pumping on a helium-3/helium-4 mixture - and every one of them consumes helium-3, an isotope Kronos's fuel cycle produces.

The concept

Below ~0.87 K a He-3/He-4 mixture separates into two phases; forcing He-3 across the boundary absorbs heat continuously down to a few millikelvin, unlike simple evaporation.

How Kronos uses it

This is the concrete link between fusion and quantum computing: as quantum hardware scales, so does demand for the helium-3 that fills these fridges. Kronos frames helium-3 as a strategic co-product of its deuterium fuel cycle - supplying a real, growing need.

Honest note

Helium-3 value is framed as strategic supply, not speculative revenue; no pricing claims are made.