Knowledge base · pilot
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An open knowledge base on compact, low-neutron fusion — the physics, the engineering, and the open questions behind the two Kronos machines: the HYPERION breeder and the tandem-mirror burner. Every number traces to two open deposits (breeder · burner) — and you can run the physics yourself in the live simulation.
The two machines · 12
The breeder
HYPERION — The BreederThe burner
What Is a Tandem Mirror?Design philosophy
Why a Mirror, Not a Tokamak?Strategy
The Breeder-First StrategyBurner design point
The Mode M Closing PointThe open item
The Plug-Density RequirementBurner physics
The Fuel-Cleanliness TrajectoryEnvironment
Environment, Safety & Waste ClassOpen record
The Two Open DepositsRun it
The Live SimulationPublications
The Two 2026 PapersConcept encyclopedia · 120
Concept
Negative TriangularityConcept
Bootstrap FractionConcept
The Greenwald Density LimitConcept
Safety Factor (q₉₅)Concept
Hot-Ion ModeConcept
TokamakConcept
DeuteriumConcept
Helium-3Concept
TritiumConcept
Bremsstrahlung RadiationConcept
Synchrotron RadiationConcept
Plasma Beta (β)Concept
Elongation (κ)Concept
The DivertorConcept
Edge-Localized Modes (ELMs)Concept
H-mode and L-modeConcept
Aspect RatioConcept
Magnetic ConfinementConcept
StellaratorConcept
Plasma DisruptionConcept
Resistive Wall Mode (RWM)Concept
The Troyon Beta LimitConcept
Scrape-Off Layer (SOL)Concept
Hafnium Carbide First WallConcept
Fast-Ion Channeling (P6)Concept
Neutron ActivationConcept
Wright's LawConcept
Plasma Current (I_p)Concept
Plasma HeatingConcept
Fusion Gain (Q)Concept
Engineering Gain (Q_eng)Concept
Ignition vs Driven OperationConcept
Catalyzed D–D Fuel CycleConcept
Fusion Power DensityConcept
Fusion NeutronicsConcept
Magnet Quench & ProtectionConcept
Cryogenics & Magnet CoolingConcept
Capacity FactorConcept
Gyrokinetic TurbulenceConcept
Alfvén Eigenmodes (TAEs)Concept
The Kink InstabilityConcept
Runaway ElectronsConcept
The Plasma PedestalConcept
Neoclassical TransportConcept
Gyroradius & ρ*Concept
Toroidal Field CoilsConcept
The Center StackConcept
Demountable MagnetsConcept
The Neutron ShieldConcept
Plasma-Exhaust MHD GeneratorConcept
Thermionic Energy ConversionConcept
Photonic Energy CaptureConcept
The Carnot LimitConcept
The Main Fusion ReactionsConcept
Helium Ash & ExhaustConcept
The Vacuum VesselConcept
Balance of PlantConcept
The Super-X DivertorConcept
Plasma DiagnosticsConcept
The Central SolenoidConcept
The Two-Machine ArchitectureConcept
The Gate Program (G1–G3)Concept
The Falsifiable SevenConcept
The Digital TwinConcept
Open Data & ReproducibilityConcept
The Graded Winding PackConcept
Wall Loading & Heat FluxConcept
Displacements Per Atom (dpa)Concept
Tritium Inventory & SafetyConcept
The Sawtooth InstabilityConcept
Steady-State OperationConcept
The Fusion Triple ProductConcept
Plasma Rotation & Flow ShearConcept
Magnetic IslandsConcept
Neutral Beam Injection (NBI)Concept
Inertial Confinement FusionConcept
Remote MaintenanceConcept
Fusion & DecarbonizationConcept
Pellet FuellingConcept
Error Fields & CorrectionConcept
Water Use & SitingConcept
Ion & Electron TemperatureConcept
Plasma Density & FuellingQuestions people ask · 90
Question
Where does helium-3 come from?Question
Is fusion power safe?Question
What is a spherical tokamak?Question
What is nuclear fusion?Question
How hot is a fusion plasma?Question
What fuels does fusion use?Question
What is Kronos Fusion Energy?Question
Is Kronos fusion aneutronic?Question
Can fusion power a data center?Question
Is tritium dangerous?Question
What is AEGIS used for?Question
How can I partner with Kronos?Question
How does a tokamak work?Question
What is plasma?Question
Does fusion use lasers?Question
Can fusion really work on Earth?Question
How does Kronos compare to ITER?Question
Does fusion produce any CO₂?Question
What does 'low-neutron' mean?Question
How strong is a 24-tesla magnet?Question
What is firm power?Question
What is a burning plasma?Question
Is fusion better than fission?Question
What if the magnets fail?Question
Why does fusion energy matter?Question
How does Kronos's business work?Question
Why compact fusion?Question
What is a fusion pilot plant?Comparisons & deep-dives · 109
Comparison
D–³He vs D–T FuelComparison
Negative vs Positive TriangularityComparison
Spherical vs Conventional TokamakDeep-dive
The Kronos Magnet SystemsApplication
Firm Fusion Power for Data CentersComparison
D–³He vs p–¹¹B FuelComparison
Tokamak vs StellaratorComparison
Direct Conversion vs the Steam CycleComparison
HTS vs LTS MagnetsComparison
Fusion vs GeothermalComparison
Fusion vs Small Modular ReactorsComparison
Compact vs Conventional FusionComparison
Magnetic vs Inertial ConfinementDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Multi-Modal DEC TrainDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Confinement CaseApplication
Fusion for Industrial Process HeatApplication
Fusion for Green HydrogenApplication
Fusion for DesalinationComparison
Fusion vs CoalComparison
Fusion vs WindComparison
Fusion vs Battery StorageComparison
Fusion vs HydropowerComparison
D–³He vs D–DComparison
Private vs Public FusionDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Hot-Ion PostureDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Open QuestionsDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The AI-Native PlantDeep-dive
Deep Dive: Disruptions & SafetyApplication
Fusion for AI ComputeApplication
Fusion for Remote MicrogridsApplication
Fusion for Defense InstallationsComparison
Fusion vs Natural GasComparison
Fusion vs SolarComparison
Firm vs Intermittent PowerComparison
Helium-3: Terrestrial vs LunarComparison
Baseload vs Dispatchable PowerDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Gate ProgramDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Plant Power FlowDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Divertor ChallengeDeep-dive
Deep Dive: Current Drive & BootstrapDeep-dive
Deep Dive: Neutronics & ActivationApplication
Fusion for District HeatingApplication
Fusion for Synthetic FuelsApplication
Fusion for ShippingComparison
Deuterium vs TritiumComparison
Fusion vs AntimatterComparison
Tokamaks vs Alternative ConceptsComparison
Copper vs Superconducting MagnetsComparison
Fusion Fuel vs Fission FuelDeep-dive
Deep Dive: Plasma-Facing MaterialsDeep-dive
Deep Dive: MHD StabilityDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The ³He Mass BalanceApplication
Fusion for MiningApplication
Fusion for Direct Air CaptureApplication
Fusion for Developing EconomiesApplication
Fusion & the Electrification of EverythingApplication
Fusion for Water TreatmentComparison
Steady-State vs Pulsed OperationComparison
Fusion vs Fission SafetyComparison
High vs Low Aspect RatioComparison
Why Kronos Skips D–T-FirstComparison
The Compact-Fusion LandscapeDeep-dive
Deep Dive: Cold Start to GridDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Fusion Pilot PlantDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The p–¹¹B EndpointApplication
Fusion for Space PropulsionApplication
Fusion for Heavy IndustryApplication
Fusion for Green AmmoniaComparison
DC-Native vs AC OutputComparison
One Large Plant vs Many SmallComparison
Fusion vs Enhanced GeothermalDeep-dive
Deep Dive: Fuelling & ExhaustDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Cryogenic SystemDeep-dive
Deep Dive: The Vacuum SystemDeep-dive
Deep Dive: Tritium & Fuel ProcessingApplication
Fusion for Island NationsApplication
Fusion for EV Charging NetworksApplication
Fusion for Grid ResilienceComparison
Fusion vs Space-Based SolarComparison
Fusion Generations: D–T, D–³He, p–¹¹BComparison
Firm Clean Power Options ComparedDeep-dive
Deep Dive: What First Plasma MeansApplication
Fusion for District CoolingApplication
Fusion for Disaster ResponseApplication
Fusion for Arctic & Extreme EnvironmentsApplication
Fusion for Hydrogen HubsApplication
Fusion for Campuses & MicrogridsApplication
Fusion for Metals & SmeltingApplication
Fusion & AviationApplication
Fusion for Ports & Logistics HubsApplication
Fusion for Critical InfrastructureApplication
Fusion for Space HabitatsTeam & expertise · 4
Founding partner
Dr. Gerald KulcinskiFounding partner
Dr. Carl WeggelFounding partner
Dr. Robert J. WeggelTeam & expertise
The Fusion Hardware Behind Kronos's Founders